As populations increase and economies develop, increasingly more wood is required for everything from construction to paper products and packaging. Further driving this rising need are zero emissions and building decarbonisation goals, increasing countries’ demand for environmentally friendlier mass timber buildings. With geopolitical tensions fuelling disruptions in wood exports from major exporters, this has also necessitated the need for nations to increase their wood imports from other players in the wood processing sector. With these multiple factors in play, New Zealand’s wood export is poised to play an increasingly vital role in meeting global demand. Apart from the economic gains for the forestry industry, this market opportunity opens doors to new possibilities that benefit other local industries and communities, such as the Māori people.
Value of the wood industry in New Zealand
The wood industry is a vital contributor to New Zealand's growth. Wood products rank third in export earnings for the country and the forestry industry accounts for 1.6% of New Zealand's gross domestic product (GDP), according to the Ministry for Primary Industries. The wood production, processing, and commercial sectors also provide 35,000 jobs for New Zealanders, with more employment opportunities available in other related sectors, such as tourism. Thus, this makes the industry a valuable part of the local economy. The opportunities afforded by the industry can be especially significant for specific local communities. This includes the Māori people, many of whom are heavily involved in the industry as investors, land owners or employees.
Apart from the economic benefits, there are several other reasons why there is significant value in having a thriving wood sector. With more forested areas, the occurrence of soil erosion can be reduced, preventing unnecessary damage to land, homes, and aquatic environments. Additionally, forests play a vital role in facilitating carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere in a process known as carbon sequestration. This adds to their value in the modern world, where countries are increasingly concerned with meeting emission and climate change goals.
Types of wood in the industry
Among the different varieties of wood available, the rimu, kauri, and matai woods are native to New Zealand:
Kauri wood: A softwood typically used to make boats or products such as veneer or ukuleles after the wood undergoes steam bending.
Rimu wood: A softwood with a smooth finish that makes it perfect for painting, varnishing, or polishing. It is often used to make cabinets and furniture.
Matai wood: A tight-grained premium timber that undergoes a laminating process before it is extensively used in flooring.
Other popular options include mahogany, which can be used to make musical equipment, such as drum sets, to confer a full-bodied tone, and New Zealand pine. Unlike other timber, New Zealand pine can be easily handled in the preservative treatment process and supports the application of a wide variety of interior and exterior stains, oils, varnishes or paint. As a bonus, this wood also boasts outstanding machining, staining, and painting properties and makes an excellent choice as the finishing for products. With excellent amenability, versatility and durability, these properties make the New Zealand pine a precious export.
